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The urinary bladder is an organ that serves for the accumulation and excretion of urine. Ultrasonographic diagnostics helps assess its condition in order to prevent or stop a developing disease. With ultrasound, it is possible to visualize the contours and size of the organ, as well as to detect inflammation, tumors, sand, or calculi.
Indications for Bladder Ultrasound
The most common indications are the presence of the following complaints:
• frequent urination,
• urinary incontinence (enuresis),
• uncontrolled nocturnal or daytime urination,
• small urine volume with frequent urge to void,
• hematuria,
• difficult or painful urination (characteristic of prostatic adenoma or urolithiasis),
• inability to urinate with a full bladder.
Other symptoms requiring ultrasonographic examination include:
• suprapubic pain,
• suspicion of urolithiasis,
• chronic or acute pyelonephritis,
• pelvic organ prolapse,
• mechanical trauma, surgical intervention.
If the physician suspects prostatic adenoma in a male patient, prostate examination may be added.
In women, bladder ultrasound can be supplemented by pelvic organ evaluation. This may be required for the differential diagnosis of diseases of the bladder, adnexa, and uterus.
Diseases Diagnosed by Ultrasound
Many diseases of the urinary system present with similar symptoms, and ultrasound is indispensable for their diagnosis. It accurately determines the state of the bladder walls, their thickness, volume, and size, and is therefore necessary for the detection of:
• bladder calculi or sand,
• cysts, papillomas,
• tumors,
• urinary stasis and diverticula (outpouchings of the bladder wall),
• varicose veins of the bladder,
• infectious and inflammatory diseases,
• bladder prolapse.
Currently, there are devices capable of producing 3D images, which increases the informativeness of the examination.
Contraindications and Limitations
Ultrasonography is a safe and effective method, and contraindications are minimal.
It cannot be performed in cases of acute skin lesions or urinary incontinence.
Preparation for Ultrasound
The patient must be prepared for the examination, otherwise the results may be inaccurate.
The bladder is scanned exclusively in a filled state. To achieve this, it is necessary to drink 1.5–2 liters of water 1–1.5 hours before the examination. For two hours prior, urination should be avoided to allow the bladder walls to expand. Normally, they should be clear, smooth, and have uniform thickness throughout the perimeter.
How the Examination is Performed
It may be performed in three ways, depending on the purpose of the study, the patient’s complaints, and individual characteristics:
• Transabdominal: the classical ultrasound through the anterior abdominal wall, when the patient lies on the couch and the physician performs the examination with a probe covered in a special gel.
• Transrectal: performed through the rectum, allowing more detailed visualization of the prostate gland and assessment of residual urine.
• Transvaginal: well known to sexually active women, as it is frequently used in gynecology. It is not performed in the presence of an intact hymen to avoid damage. Transvaginal ultrasound provides more accurate assessment of pelvic organs.
After obtaining the results, the physician determines the further management strategy.
Advantages of Bladder Ultrasound at Expert Clinics
At Expert Clinics in Moscow, all diagnostic procedures are performed with maximum care and comfort for the patient.
This is a multifunctional medical center where patients can undergo diagnostic evaluation of any organ and receive a professional consultation with a specialist, who will subsequently prescribe individualized treatment.
Only highly qualified physicians work here, having undergone rigorous selection and regular advanced training courses. Each of them continually improves their medical expertise, including training abroad.
We value and care for each patient, guaranteeing complete safety and reliability at all stages of treatment.
Indications for Bladder Ultrasound
The most common indications are the presence of the following complaints:
• frequent urination,
• urinary incontinence (enuresis),
• uncontrolled nocturnal or daytime urination,
• small urine volume with frequent urge to void,
• hematuria,
• difficult or painful urination (characteristic of prostatic adenoma or urolithiasis),
• inability to urinate with a full bladder.
Other symptoms requiring ultrasonographic examination include:
• suprapubic pain,
• suspicion of urolithiasis,
• chronic or acute pyelonephritis,
• pelvic organ prolapse,
• mechanical trauma, surgical intervention.
If the physician suspects prostatic adenoma in a male patient, prostate examination may be added.
In women, bladder ultrasound can be supplemented by pelvic organ evaluation. This may be required for the differential diagnosis of diseases of the bladder, adnexa, and uterus.
Diseases Diagnosed by Ultrasound
Many diseases of the urinary system present with similar symptoms, and ultrasound is indispensable for their diagnosis. It accurately determines the state of the bladder walls, their thickness, volume, and size, and is therefore necessary for the detection of:
• bladder calculi or sand,
• cysts, papillomas,
• tumors,
• urinary stasis and diverticula (outpouchings of the bladder wall),
• varicose veins of the bladder,
• infectious and inflammatory diseases,
• bladder prolapse.
Currently, there are devices capable of producing 3D images, which increases the informativeness of the examination.
Contraindications and Limitations
Ultrasonography is a safe and effective method, and contraindications are minimal.
It cannot be performed in cases of acute skin lesions or urinary incontinence.
Preparation for Ultrasound
The patient must be prepared for the examination, otherwise the results may be inaccurate.
The bladder is scanned exclusively in a filled state. To achieve this, it is necessary to drink 1.5–2 liters of water 1–1.5 hours before the examination. For two hours prior, urination should be avoided to allow the bladder walls to expand. Normally, they should be clear, smooth, and have uniform thickness throughout the perimeter.
How the Examination is Performed
It may be performed in three ways, depending on the purpose of the study, the patient’s complaints, and individual characteristics:
• Transabdominal: the classical ultrasound through the anterior abdominal wall, when the patient lies on the couch and the physician performs the examination with a probe covered in a special gel.
• Transrectal: performed through the rectum, allowing more detailed visualization of the prostate gland and assessment of residual urine.
• Transvaginal: well known to sexually active women, as it is frequently used in gynecology. It is not performed in the presence of an intact hymen to avoid damage. Transvaginal ultrasound provides more accurate assessment of pelvic organs.
After obtaining the results, the physician determines the further management strategy.
Advantages of Bladder Ultrasound at Expert Clinics
At Expert Clinics in Moscow, all diagnostic procedures are performed with maximum care and comfort for the patient.
This is a multifunctional medical center where patients can undergo diagnostic evaluation of any organ and receive a professional consultation with a specialist, who will subsequently prescribe individualized treatment.
Only highly qualified physicians work here, having undergone rigorous selection and regular advanced training courses. Each of them continually improves their medical expertise, including training abroad.
We value and care for each patient, guaranteeing complete safety and reliability at all stages of treatment.
+7 (495) 154-21-44 
admin@expertclinics.ru 
Moscow, Starovolynskaya st., 12 bld. 1