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According to statistics, every fifth pregnancy ends unsuccessfully. Modern medicine can not only help a woman preserve a long-awaited pregnancy but also warn in advance about potential dangers threatening the health of the mother and the baby.
Causes of pregnancy loss
Absolutely different factors can affect the course of pregnancy and fetal development. For example:
Infections. Miscarriage can be triggered both by genital infections (chlamydia, herpes simplex virus) and by others, acute or chronic (pyelonephritis, hepatitis, tonsillitis).
Inflammatory processes in the adnexa and in the uterus (for example, endometritis can interfere with proper development of the gestational sac).
Tendency to thrombosis. The fetus requires nutrients during intrauterine development. If a thrombus forms in the umbilical cord (vessels supplying the placenta), blood circulation ceases and the baby dies from deficiency of nutrients and oxygen.
Hormonal disorders. They may be associated with ovarian pathology, menstrual cycle disturbance, and improper hormonal ratios.
Cicatricial changes of the endometrium. They impede adequate blood supply to the gestational sac and proper implantation. Cicatricial changes may appear after induced abortions, miscarriages, uterine curettage.
Immunological disorders. For example, antiphospholipid syndrome. This is the production of antibodies to one’s own phospholipids that are part of the cell membrane. These disorders also include a high number of lymphocytes in the body.
Complications of pregnancy arising in its first half. These include toxicosis, preeclampsia, abnormal fetal position (for example, transverse), placenta previa (when it is located at the internal os and detaches), polyhydramnios, multiple pregnancy.
Abnormalities in the anatomical structure of the cervix.
Uterine and ovarian tumor, fibroma.
Endocrine pathologies (thyroid diseases, diabetes mellitus).
Cardiovascular diseases.
Uterine malformations.
Rh-incompatible pregnancy.
Coagulation disorders.
Socio-biological factors: woman’s age, mechanical trauma, harmful habits.
Classification
Pregnancy loss usually refers to spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) and preterm birth. Miscarriage is termination of pregnancy before the fetus reaches a viable state.
Types of miscarriage
By gestational age:
Early (termination before 14–15 weeks),
Late (after 16 and up to 27 weeks of pregnancy).
By nature of termination:
Spontaneous (without external intervention),
Induced (as a result of medical abortion or tablet intake).
By degree of infection:
Non-infected (when there are no signs of infection),
Infected (when there are signs of infection). If infection is confined to the uterus, this is considered an uncomplicated miscarriage; if it extends beyond it, this is a complicated (septic) miscarriage.
If a woman has had two or more miscarriages or a history of preterm birth, this is called recurrent pregnancy loss.
When pregnancy proceeds with complications that prevent the fetus from developing, but remains in the uterine cavity, this pathology is called a missed abortion.
Preterm birth refers to birth occurring from 22 to 37 weeks of pregnancy.
Symptoms of pregnancy loss
Symptomatology may vary depending on the type of pregnancy loss.
Symptoms of threatened abortion (risk of possible termination of pregnancy up to 22 weeks):
Dull, aching, intermittent pain in the lower abdomen in the uterine area, above the pubis, in the lower back, in the sacral region.
Symptoms of incipient abortion:
Bloody discharge appears,
Lower abdominal pain becomes cramping in nature.
Pregnancy may be preserved if medical attention is sought in a timely manner.
Symptoms of abortion in progress (a pathology in which the gestational sac is almost completely detached from the uterine wall):
Significant cramping pain.
Profuse bloody discharge. The gestational sac together with the embryo begins to be rejected by the uterine mucosa, vessels are exposed, and bleeding begins. The cause may be systemic infections (severe influenza, pneumonia) or uterine infections (penetration of microbes into the uterus causes inflammation).
Symptoms of incomplete abortion (when detachment of the gestational sac has occurred but it has not completely passed from the uterus):
Pain becomes pulling in character.
Bloody discharge may be heavy or moderate. The woman’s condition may be severe (depending on blood loss).
Symptoms of complete abortion (when the gestational sac completely exits the uterine cavity):
The clinical picture is blurred; often the woman does not even complain of any symptoms.
The woman may see the gestational sac pass without experiencing marked unpleasant sensations.
Bleeding is insignificant or absent.
for consultation
Prevention of pregnancy loss
Many modern women understand that pregnancy should be planned and prevention started before conception, because during this period it is not possible to perform all examinations in full, as they may be unsafe for the future baby (for example, X-ray).
It is very important that the pregnant woman be vaccinated against all common infections. If she is not vaccinated against rubella and did not have it in childhood, there is a huge risk of giving birth to a child with serious intrauterine pathologies or failing to carry the pregnancy to term.
The main task of the woman is to check her health before pregnancy so that no diseases overshadow this wonderful period.
Diagnostics
To carry and deliver a baby successfully, a woman may be assigned various tests depending on her age and health status.
A standard check-up for diagnosing pregnancy loss may look like this:
Consultation and examination by a gynecologist-endocrinologist,
Urinalysis,
Blood tests (complete blood count, biochemistry, hormonal profile),
Coagulogram (assessment of blood coagulation factors),
Tests for infections,
Testing for antiphospholipid syndrome,
Immunogram to identify immunological disorders.
To determine the condition of the genital tract, the following studies are performed:
Bacterial culture, swabs for diagnosing genital infections,
Polymerase chain reaction,
Immune status,
Endometrial biopsy.
To determine whether the uterine structure is normal, hysterosalpingoscopy, laparoscopy, ultrasound, MRI are performed.
To exclude disorders in the function of the adrenal glands and other endocrine organs, it is necessary to assess the hormonal status. A competent endocrinologist will help with this.
To exclude genetic pathologies, a consultation with a geneticist is necessary.
All these examinations will help identify one or another cause of pregnancy loss.
Treatment of pregnancy loss at Expert Clinics
The physicians of Expert Clinics possess extensive knowledge in the field of anti-aging medicine, which is responsible for human health from the moment of conception to the end of life. This allows them to ascertain the true cause of pregnancy loss, whether hormonal failures or chronic diseases. For this, our doctors will prescribe a personalized and thorough evaluation.
Afterwards, they will provide effective recommendations for correction of the patient’s health so that the woman can experience the joy of motherhood and avoid unnecessary anxiety during gestation.
Causes of pregnancy loss
Absolutely different factors can affect the course of pregnancy and fetal development. For example:
Infections. Miscarriage can be triggered both by genital infections (chlamydia, herpes simplex virus) and by others, acute or chronic (pyelonephritis, hepatitis, tonsillitis).
Inflammatory processes in the adnexa and in the uterus (for example, endometritis can interfere with proper development of the gestational sac).
Tendency to thrombosis. The fetus requires nutrients during intrauterine development. If a thrombus forms in the umbilical cord (vessels supplying the placenta), blood circulation ceases and the baby dies from deficiency of nutrients and oxygen.
Hormonal disorders. They may be associated with ovarian pathology, menstrual cycle disturbance, and improper hormonal ratios.
Cicatricial changes of the endometrium. They impede adequate blood supply to the gestational sac and proper implantation. Cicatricial changes may appear after induced abortions, miscarriages, uterine curettage.
Immunological disorders. For example, antiphospholipid syndrome. This is the production of antibodies to one’s own phospholipids that are part of the cell membrane. These disorders also include a high number of lymphocytes in the body.
Complications of pregnancy arising in its first half. These include toxicosis, preeclampsia, abnormal fetal position (for example, transverse), placenta previa (when it is located at the internal os and detaches), polyhydramnios, multiple pregnancy.
Abnormalities in the anatomical structure of the cervix.
Uterine and ovarian tumor, fibroma.
Endocrine pathologies (thyroid diseases, diabetes mellitus).
Cardiovascular diseases.
Uterine malformations.
Rh-incompatible pregnancy.
Coagulation disorders.
Socio-biological factors: woman’s age, mechanical trauma, harmful habits.
Classification
Pregnancy loss usually refers to spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) and preterm birth. Miscarriage is termination of pregnancy before the fetus reaches a viable state.
Types of miscarriage
By gestational age:
Early (termination before 14–15 weeks),
Late (after 16 and up to 27 weeks of pregnancy).
By nature of termination:
Spontaneous (without external intervention),
Induced (as a result of medical abortion or tablet intake).
By degree of infection:
Non-infected (when there are no signs of infection),
Infected (when there are signs of infection). If infection is confined to the uterus, this is considered an uncomplicated miscarriage; if it extends beyond it, this is a complicated (septic) miscarriage.
If a woman has had two or more miscarriages or a history of preterm birth, this is called recurrent pregnancy loss.
When pregnancy proceeds with complications that prevent the fetus from developing, but remains in the uterine cavity, this pathology is called a missed abortion.
Preterm birth refers to birth occurring from 22 to 37 weeks of pregnancy.
Symptoms of pregnancy loss
Symptomatology may vary depending on the type of pregnancy loss.
Symptoms of threatened abortion (risk of possible termination of pregnancy up to 22 weeks):
Dull, aching, intermittent pain in the lower abdomen in the uterine area, above the pubis, in the lower back, in the sacral region.
Symptoms of incipient abortion:
Bloody discharge appears,
Lower abdominal pain becomes cramping in nature.
Pregnancy may be preserved if medical attention is sought in a timely manner.
Symptoms of abortion in progress (a pathology in which the gestational sac is almost completely detached from the uterine wall):
Significant cramping pain.
Profuse bloody discharge. The gestational sac together with the embryo begins to be rejected by the uterine mucosa, vessels are exposed, and bleeding begins. The cause may be systemic infections (severe influenza, pneumonia) or uterine infections (penetration of microbes into the uterus causes inflammation).
Symptoms of incomplete abortion (when detachment of the gestational sac has occurred but it has not completely passed from the uterus):
Pain becomes pulling in character.
Bloody discharge may be heavy or moderate. The woman’s condition may be severe (depending on blood loss).
Symptoms of complete abortion (when the gestational sac completely exits the uterine cavity):
The clinical picture is blurred; often the woman does not even complain of any symptoms.
The woman may see the gestational sac pass without experiencing marked unpleasant sensations.
Bleeding is insignificant or absent.
for consultation
Prevention of pregnancy loss
Many modern women understand that pregnancy should be planned and prevention started before conception, because during this period it is not possible to perform all examinations in full, as they may be unsafe for the future baby (for example, X-ray).
It is very important that the pregnant woman be vaccinated against all common infections. If she is not vaccinated against rubella and did not have it in childhood, there is a huge risk of giving birth to a child with serious intrauterine pathologies or failing to carry the pregnancy to term.
The main task of the woman is to check her health before pregnancy so that no diseases overshadow this wonderful period.
Diagnostics
To carry and deliver a baby successfully, a woman may be assigned various tests depending on her age and health status.
A standard check-up for diagnosing pregnancy loss may look like this:
Consultation and examination by a gynecologist-endocrinologist,
Urinalysis,
Blood tests (complete blood count, biochemistry, hormonal profile),
Coagulogram (assessment of blood coagulation factors),
Tests for infections,
Testing for antiphospholipid syndrome,
Immunogram to identify immunological disorders.
To determine the condition of the genital tract, the following studies are performed:
Bacterial culture, swabs for diagnosing genital infections,
Polymerase chain reaction,
Immune status,
Endometrial biopsy.
To determine whether the uterine structure is normal, hysterosalpingoscopy, laparoscopy, ultrasound, MRI are performed.
To exclude disorders in the function of the adrenal glands and other endocrine organs, it is necessary to assess the hormonal status. A competent endocrinologist will help with this.
To exclude genetic pathologies, a consultation with a geneticist is necessary.
All these examinations will help identify one or another cause of pregnancy loss.
Treatment of pregnancy loss at Expert Clinics
The physicians of Expert Clinics possess extensive knowledge in the field of anti-aging medicine, which is responsible for human health from the moment of conception to the end of life. This allows them to ascertain the true cause of pregnancy loss, whether hormonal failures or chronic diseases. For this, our doctors will prescribe a personalized and thorough evaluation.
Afterwards, they will provide effective recommendations for correction of the patient’s health so that the woman can experience the joy of motherhood and avoid unnecessary anxiety during gestation.
+7 (495) 154-21-44 
admin@expertclinics.ru 
Moscow, Starovolynskaya st., 12 bld. 1