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The awareness of most women about a pathology such as opsomenorrhea is extremely low. However, this condition can appear in virtually every woman.
In this condition, the probability of conceiving a child is reduced by approximately 65%. Therefore, timely diagnosis and treatment of opsomenorrhea is an important component of every girl's reproductive health.
What is Opsomenorrhea
Opsomenorrhea is a condition in which menstrual bleeding becomes less profuse and lasts for less than three days. Furthermore, the duration of the cycle increases to 5-6 weeks (over 35 days) and even up to three months. The amount of blood discharged most often does not change, or it may be quite scanty.
Causes
Based on its nature of onset, opsomenorrhea can be congenital or acquired. Scientists associate the congenital form with the following factors:
• Delayed pubertal development (Delayed sexual development). This is the absence of the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics during puberty (13-15 years). Sexual development can be inhibited due to several reasons: pathology of the genital organs, hereditary factors, endocrine gland involvement, poor nutrition, and poor living conditions.
• Impaired formation of the genital organs. This impairment is observed during embryogenesis. Causes include: burdened heredity (adverse genetic background), unfavorable environmental conditions, stress, infectious diseases, intoxications (poisoning), early and late gestoses (preeclampsia/eclampsia).
• Asthenic syndrome. This is a gradually developing psychological disorder manifested as weakness, irritability, autonomic dysfunction (vegetative disturbances), and emotional instability.
The acquired form is caused by other reasons: intoxication (poisoning), hypothyroidism, surgical interventions on the uterus or ovaries, stress, severe overwork, intense physical activity, genitourinary infections, autoimmune diseases, abortion, brain tumors, and Sheehan's syndrome.
The condition can be temporary, for example, during the establishment of the menstrual cycle. Persistent opsomenorrhea is observed in serious pathologies such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), infertility, and developmental delay.
Symptoms
The main symptom of opsomenorrhea is infrequent menstruation (oligomenorrhea). They may appear once every 5-6 weeks; the interval can even last up to three months. As a rule, menstruation lasts 3-4 days.
The cycle in this case also has two phases, but their duration changes significantly. This leads to the follicle not having time to mature, and the ovulation process is altered. Consequently, a girl with this clinical picture will experience difficulties with conception.
In almost every clinical case, general symptoms are present: pronounced weakness, increased fatigue, irritability, sharp mood swings, apathy, and emotional instability.
Opsomenorrhea is often accompanied by pain during menstruation (dysmenorrhea). The pain is localized in the lower abdomen but can radiate to the back, rectum, or groin area. Furthermore, as a result of the disruption of the follicle maturation process, painful sensations may be noted in the middle of the cycle.
If opsomenorrhea is not physiological, it can progress and thus cause amenorrhea—a condition in which menstruation is completely absent. In this case, the chances of conception are practically zero, as ovum maturation does not occur.
As a result of hormonal changes, weight gain may be observed. Secondary opsomenorrhea is marked by: pruritus (itching), pain, discharges of various characteristics, and rashes on the skin and mucous membranes.
During the examination, signs of an inflammatory process, as well as anomalies in the development of the reproductive organs and symptoms of endocrine deviations, may be detected.
Diagnosis
The first stage of diagnosis is a consultation with a gynecologist. The specialist will collect a detailed patient history (anamnesis), including information about her genetics, early illnesses, first menstruation (menarche), nature of the menstrual cycle, lifestyle, stress level, etc.
To confirm the diagnosis or clarify the data, the patient may be prescribed:
• Cytological smear (helps determine the presence of STIs/STDs).
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs.
• Blood test (complete blood count, biochemical analysis, sex hormones, lipid profile).
• Folliculometry. Performed to determine true ovulation.
• Screening for specific infections (HIV, Hepatitis, Tuberculosis).
• MRI, CT scans. May be required for the examination of the adrenal glands, pituitary gland, and hypothalamus.
If this proves insufficient, the next stage is the prescription of a colpocytology procedure. This is a modern diagnostic study that helps obtain detailed information about the structure of vaginal cells and the changes present in them.
In cases where opsomenorrhea is a congenital pathology, other specialists are also involved in the diagnosis—endocrinologists and geneticists.
Treatment Methods
Treatment can be started strictly after the primary cause of the disease has been established. Therapy methods depend on the causes of onset, the nature of the pathology, and the woman's age.
If opsomenorrhea is of a secondary nature, hormonal drugs are prescribed in most cases, the goal of which is to restore the menstrual cycle. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial drugs, vitamin complexes, physiotherapy, and phytotherapy are also used.
Surgical treatment is performed only in extreme cases when the cause of opsomenorrhea development was an ovarian or uterine tumor.
Prevention
The most important prevention of opsomenorrhea is regular monitoring by a gynecologist starting from the onset of menstruation (menarche). If menstruation does not occur by the age of 13-15, this is an important signal that the girl's body needs to be checked for pathologies.
If there have already been cases of opsomenorrhea in your family, we recommend consulting a geneticist in advance.
As for general recommendations, they are as follows:
• Avoid prolonged stress. When it becomes chronic, it inflicts significant damage on the body, requiring a long recovery.
• Practice protected sexual intercourse. This will protect you from STIs/STDs and genitourinary infections.
• Be attentive to the function of your thyroid gland, visit an endocrinologist in a timely manner, get tests, and have an organ ultrasound.
What is Opsomenorrhea
Opsomenorrhea is a condition in which menstrual bleeding becomes less profuse and lasts for less than three days. Furthermore, the duration of the cycle increases to 5-6 weeks (over 35 days) and even up to three months. The amount of blood discharged most often does not change, or it may be quite scanty.
Causes
Based on its nature of onset, opsomenorrhea can be congenital or acquired. Scientists associate the congenital form with the following factors:
• Delayed pubertal development (Delayed sexual development). This is the absence of the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics during puberty (13-15 years). Sexual development can be inhibited due to several reasons: pathology of the genital organs, hereditary factors, endocrine gland involvement, poor nutrition, and poor living conditions.
• Impaired formation of the genital organs. This impairment is observed during embryogenesis. Causes include: burdened heredity (adverse genetic background), unfavorable environmental conditions, stress, infectious diseases, intoxications (poisoning), early and late gestoses (preeclampsia/eclampsia).
• Asthenic syndrome. This is a gradually developing psychological disorder manifested as weakness, irritability, autonomic dysfunction (vegetative disturbances), and emotional instability.
The acquired form is caused by other reasons: intoxication (poisoning), hypothyroidism, surgical interventions on the uterus or ovaries, stress, severe overwork, intense physical activity, genitourinary infections, autoimmune diseases, abortion, brain tumors, and Sheehan's syndrome.
The condition can be temporary, for example, during the establishment of the menstrual cycle. Persistent opsomenorrhea is observed in serious pathologies such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), infertility, and developmental delay.
Symptoms
The main symptom of opsomenorrhea is infrequent menstruation (oligomenorrhea). They may appear once every 5-6 weeks; the interval can even last up to three months. As a rule, menstruation lasts 3-4 days.
The cycle in this case also has two phases, but their duration changes significantly. This leads to the follicle not having time to mature, and the ovulation process is altered. Consequently, a girl with this clinical picture will experience difficulties with conception.
In almost every clinical case, general symptoms are present: pronounced weakness, increased fatigue, irritability, sharp mood swings, apathy, and emotional instability.
Opsomenorrhea is often accompanied by pain during menstruation (dysmenorrhea). The pain is localized in the lower abdomen but can radiate to the back, rectum, or groin area. Furthermore, as a result of the disruption of the follicle maturation process, painful sensations may be noted in the middle of the cycle.
If opsomenorrhea is not physiological, it can progress and thus cause amenorrhea—a condition in which menstruation is completely absent. In this case, the chances of conception are practically zero, as ovum maturation does not occur.
As a result of hormonal changes, weight gain may be observed. Secondary opsomenorrhea is marked by: pruritus (itching), pain, discharges of various characteristics, and rashes on the skin and mucous membranes.
During the examination, signs of an inflammatory process, as well as anomalies in the development of the reproductive organs and symptoms of endocrine deviations, may be detected.
Diagnosis
The first stage of diagnosis is a consultation with a gynecologist. The specialist will collect a detailed patient history (anamnesis), including information about her genetics, early illnesses, first menstruation (menarche), nature of the menstrual cycle, lifestyle, stress level, etc.
To confirm the diagnosis or clarify the data, the patient may be prescribed:
• Cytological smear (helps determine the presence of STIs/STDs).
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs.
• Blood test (complete blood count, biochemical analysis, sex hormones, lipid profile).
• Folliculometry. Performed to determine true ovulation.
• Screening for specific infections (HIV, Hepatitis, Tuberculosis).
• MRI, CT scans. May be required for the examination of the adrenal glands, pituitary gland, and hypothalamus.
If this proves insufficient, the next stage is the prescription of a colpocytology procedure. This is a modern diagnostic study that helps obtain detailed information about the structure of vaginal cells and the changes present in them.
In cases where opsomenorrhea is a congenital pathology, other specialists are also involved in the diagnosis—endocrinologists and geneticists.
Treatment Methods
Treatment can be started strictly after the primary cause of the disease has been established. Therapy methods depend on the causes of onset, the nature of the pathology, and the woman's age.
If opsomenorrhea is of a secondary nature, hormonal drugs are prescribed in most cases, the goal of which is to restore the menstrual cycle. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial drugs, vitamin complexes, physiotherapy, and phytotherapy are also used.
Surgical treatment is performed only in extreme cases when the cause of opsomenorrhea development was an ovarian or uterine tumor.
Prevention
The most important prevention of opsomenorrhea is regular monitoring by a gynecologist starting from the onset of menstruation (menarche). If menstruation does not occur by the age of 13-15, this is an important signal that the girl's body needs to be checked for pathologies.
If there have already been cases of opsomenorrhea in your family, we recommend consulting a geneticist in advance.
As for general recommendations, they are as follows:
• Avoid prolonged stress. When it becomes chronic, it inflicts significant damage on the body, requiring a long recovery.
• Practice protected sexual intercourse. This will protect you from STIs/STDs and genitourinary infections.
• Be attentive to the function of your thyroid gland, visit an endocrinologist in a timely manner, get tests, and have an organ ultrasound.
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